Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): JN-May
Articles
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Evaluation of Food Safety and Food Handler Hygiene-Sanitation in Elementary School Canteens Based on HACCP Principles
| Views: 4 | Download: 4School canteens are important food environments for children, but inadequate hygiene, sanitation, temperature control, and cross-contamination prevention can increase food-safety risks. This study was designed to evaluate food safety and food handler hygiene-sanitation in elementary school canteens using Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. A cross-sectional observational framework was developed to assess prerequisite hygiene practices, food-handler behavior, process flow, potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards, and critical control points (CCPs). Because actual field observations were not provided, the Results section uses an explicitly synthetic dataset representing 12 elementary school canteens and 36 food handlers solely to demonstrate the proposed analysis. In the synthetic analysis, overall hygiene-sanitation compliance was 72.4%, with lower compliance in hand hygiene, separation of raw and cooked foods, temperature monitoring, and documentation. Hazard analysis identified cooking, hot holding, cooling/storage, and reheating as process steps requiring enhanced control, with cooking and hot holding modeled as principal CCPs for high-risk menu items. The illustrative findings indicate how HACCP-based evaluation can integrate routine hygiene-sanitation assessment with process-specific hazard control. Empirical studies using direct observation, temperature verification, microbiological testing, and documented corrective actions are required before conclusions can be drawn about actual school canteens.
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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Patterns and Their Association with Lipid Profiles in Sedentary Adults
| Views: 8 | Download: 8Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been increasingly associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, while prolonged sedentary behavior may further contribute to unfavorable lipid metabolism. This study aimed to examine the association between UPF intake and fasting lipid profiles among sedentary adults. A cross-sectional analytical framework was applied using a synthetic dataset of 240 adults aged 18–59 years with high sedentary exposure. UPF intake was classified using the NOVA system and expressed as the percentage of total daily energy intake. Participants were categorized into tertiles of UPF intake, and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, total energy intake, dietary fiber, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In the synthetic analysis, higher UPF intake was associated with progressively higher TC, LDL-C, and TG and lower HDL-C. Each 10-percentage-point increase in UPF-derived energy corresponded to 5.11 mg/dL higher TC (95% CI: 2.34–7.88), 4.33 mg/dL higher LDL-C (95% CI: 2.02–6.64), 14.71 mg/dL higher TG (95% CI: 11.17–18.26), and 2.05 mg/dL lower HDL-C (95% CI: −3.00 to −1.10), with all modeled associations at p<0.001. These synthetic findings illustrate a plausible pattern in which greater UPF consumption is associated with a less favorable lipid profile among sedentary adults. Empirical prospective studies using actual participant data are required to confirm these relationships.
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Community-Based Sensitive Nutrition Assistance Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction in Disadvantaged Areas
| Views: 1 | Download: 0Stunting remains a challenge for human resource development in Indonesia, despite the national prevalence falling to 19.8 percent in 2024. Accelerating the decline in hotspot areas relies heavily on nutrition-sensitive interventions, namely drinking water, sanitation, social security, food security, caregiving, and basic services, the provision of which is outside the health sector and often does not reach at-risk families. This article aims to formulate a community-based nutrition-sensitive assistance strategy in hotspot areas. The study uses a qualitative literature study with policy analysis of official documents (Presidential Decree 72/2021, Stranas P3S 2025–2029, SSGI 2024 results) and scientific literature published in 2020–2026, which are analyzed thematically using a social ecology, social capital, and collaborative governance framework. The study results indicate that (1) stand-alone sensitive interventions more consistently improve dietary diversity than children's height, so they need to be packaged with behavior change communication; (2) community facilitators (Family Support Team, Posyandu cadres, PKK, and village midwives) act as liaisons between families and cross-sectoral services, but are limited by capacity, incentives, social resistance, and symbolic participation; and (3) village leadership, budget flexibility, and institutional continuity differentiate mobile loci from those that merely comply administratively. The article proposes a framework of six strategies along with monitoring indicators. This framework is conceptual and requires empirical testing
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Association of Maternal Nutrition Literacy with Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status among Preschool Children
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62872/jn.v3i2.638
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Maternal nutrition literacy may influence how mothers select, prepare, and provide food for young children, thereby shaping feeding practices and potentially contributing to children's nutritional status. This study was designed to examine the association of maternal nutrition literacy with feeding practices and nutritional status among preschool children. A cross-sectional analytical framework was developed for mother-child pairs with children aged 3-5 years. Maternal nutrition literacy was assessed across functional, interactive, and critical dimensions, while feeding practices included responsive feeding, restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring. Child nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric indices based on World Health Organization growth standards. Because actual field data were not provided, the Results section of this manuscript uses an explicitly synthetic dataset of 240 mother-child pairs solely to demonstrate the proposed statistical analysis and manuscript structure. In the synthetic analysis, higher maternal nutrition literacy was associated with more responsive feeding practices and lower use of pressure-to-eat practices. Children of mothers with higher nutrition literacy also showed a more favorable distribution of anthropometric status; however, these numerical findings are illustrative and cannot be interpreted as empirical evidence. The proposed framework supports further field research using validated nutrition-literacy and feeding-practice instruments, standardized anthropometry, and multivariable analysis to clarify how maternal nutrition literacy relates to preschool feeding and nutritional status
https://doi.org/10.62872/jn.v3i2.63814 views15 downloads
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Effects of Zinc and Iron Supplementation on Anemia Status and Learning Concentration among Female Students: A Narrative Literature Review
| Views: 5 | Download: 2Anemia among adolescent girls remains a public health problem in Indonesia and is suspected to impair learning concentration. The national program relies on school-based iron-folic acid tablets, while the role of zinc, alone or together with iron, is unclear. This article reviews the evidence on the effects of iron and zinc supplementation on anemia status and learning concentration among female students and derives implications for future research designs. It is a narrative literature review of meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and program documents published mainly in 2020–2026, supplemented by classic reference works. The findings indicate that (1) iron supplementation, including weekly school-based dosing, increases hemoglobin and reduces anemia; (2) zinc does not lower hemoglobin, but evidence that zinc alone corrects anemia is inconsistent, and zinc given simultaneously at high ratios can inhibit iron absorption; (3) effects on concentration are inconsistent, as an older meta-analysis reported improved attention and concentration whereas a more recent one found no significant effect on attention despite improvements in intelligence and short-term memory; and (4) evidence on combined iron and zinc for concentration outcomes in adolescent girls is almost absent, while the Indonesian zinc study identified appears to use a single-group design without a comparator. The article concludes that claims of large effects of combined iron and zinc on concentration cannot yet be sustained and proposes a three-arm cluster-randomised trial with haematological outcomes and validated concentration measures
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