Oshada
Submit a manuscript
Articles

Severe Anemia Normocytic Normochromic EC CKD

Authors

  • Elvi Fitraneti Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Indonesia
  • Alimurdianis Alimurdianis Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Baiturrahmah
Published June 30, 2025 pp. 172-183 doi.org/10.62872/o.v2i3.189 CC BY-SA 4.0
PDF

Abstract

This study aims to clinically describe a case of severe normocytic normochromic anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contribute to strengthening medical understanding of the relationship between anemia and kidney dysfunction. The method used is a descriptive case study with a clinical observation approach and literature review. Data were obtained from a 58-year-old male patient who came to the Emergency Department of M. Natsir Solok Regional Hospital complaining of weakness, pallor, joint pain, and decreased appetite. Laboratory examination results showed a hemoglobin level of 5.8 g/dL and creatinine of 8.13 mg/dL, indicating severe anemia due to stage V CKD. The patient underwent PRC transfusion therapy, intravenous fluids, and folate and antihypertensive administration. During four days of treatment, the patient's condition showed gradual clinical improvement. The discussion emphasized the importance of early detection of normocytic normochromic anemia in CKD patients because decreased erythropoietin production is a major factor. This study concluded that appropriate diagnosis and treatment of anemia due to CKD not only improve the clinical prognosis but also play a crucial role in preventing systemic complications and improving the patient's overall quality of life.

Keywords

Normocytic Normochromic AnemiaChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)ErythropoietinHemoglobinPRBC TransfusionCase StudyAnemia Therapy

References

  1. Babitt, J. L., & Lin, H. Y. (2012). Mechanisms of anemia in CKD. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 23(10), 1631–1634. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2011111078
  2. Bakta Im. Pendekatan Diagnosis Dan Terapi Terhadap Penderita Anemia. Bali Heal J. 2017;1(1):36–48.
  3. David Levine Susan Hanson Maureen. Germain, Arnaud Ruppert David Levine Susan Hanson Maureen. Physiol Behav. 2019;176(3):139–48.
Show 17 more references
  1. Macdougall, I. C., & Cavill, I. (2013). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of anemia in chronic kidney disease. BMJ, 346, f584. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f584
  2. Fishbane, S., & Singh, A. K. (2020). Iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease: Update on diagnosis and management. Kidney International, 97(5), 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.032
  3. Fitriany J, Saputri Ai. Anemia Defisiensi Besi. Jurnal. Kesehat Masy. 2018;4(1202005126):1–30.
  4. Kassebaum, N. J., Jasrasaria, R., Naghavi, M., Wulf, S. K., Johns, N., Lozano, R., ... & Murray, C. J. L. (2014). A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood, 123(5), 615–624. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-508325
  5. KDOQI (National Kidney Foundation). (2012). KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: 2012 Update. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 60(5), 850–886. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.08.348
  6. KDIGO. (2021). KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International Supplements, 11(1), 1–107. https://kdigo.org/guidelines/anemia-ckd/
  7. Lee, H., Oh, K. H., Park, H. C., Kang, S. W., & Kim, D. K. (2017). Anemia and mortality in patients with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: Results from the KNOW-CKD study. BMC Nephrology, 18, Article 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0546-4
  8. Locatelli, F., Bárány, P., Covic, A., De Francisco, A., Del Vecchio, L., Goldsmith, D., ... & Vanholder, R. (2013). Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines on anaemia management in chronic kidney disease: A European Renal Best Practice position statement. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 28(6), 1346–1359. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft033
  9. Novita Sari E. Novita Sari, Eka. 2020. “Open Acces Acces.” Jurnal Bagus 02(01): 402–6. J Bagus. 2020;02(01):402–6.
  10. Nugraha Pa, Yasa Aagwp. Anemia Defisiensi Besi: Diagnosis Dan Tatalaksana. Ganesha Med. 2022;2(1):49–56.
  11. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.Pdf [Internet]. Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes. 2018. P. Hal 156. Available From: Https://Repository.Badankebijakan.Kemkes.Go.Id/Id/Eprint/3514/1/Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.Pdf
  12. Rouli N, Amalia P. Anemia Pada Penyakit Keganasan Anak. Sari Pediatr. 2016;6(4):176.
  13. Rs Stella Maris Makassar. J Stella Maris Makassar 2022. 2022;10– 80.
  14. Stauffer, M. E., & Fan, T. (2014). Prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease in the United States. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e84943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084943
  15. Wahyuni S. Defisiensi Besi Dan Anemia Defisiensi Besi: Updated Literature Review. Galen J Kedokt Dan Kesehat Mhs Malikussaleh. 2024;3(3):1.
  16. Yuniarti W. Anemia Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Anemia In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Heal Sci ; Gorontalo J Heal Sci Community. 2021;5(2):341–7.
  17. Zumbrennen-Bullough, K. B. (2019). Nutritional anemia and iron metabolism. In S. A. Abboud & A. K. Armanios (Eds.), Disorders of Hemoglobin (pp. 199–215). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139176822.011

Copyright (c) 2025 Elvi Fitraneti, Alimurdianis Alimurdianis (Author) · CC BY-SA 4.0

O

My Account

Submit a manuscript